Fence Staining 101

The Basics

Staining your fence is a multi-step process which requires planning and preparation.

Step 1: Check the weather forecast.

Staining should be done when weather conditions allow for proper drying. If rain is in the forecast, it's best to postpone the project—especially when using an oil-based stain. Under normal conditions, stain should be allowed to dry for at least 24 hours before being exposed to moisture.

Keep in mind that several factors can significantly affect drying time, including the type of stain (oil- or water-based), humidity levels, wind, and the method of application. Understanding these variables will help ensure a successful and long-lasting finish.

Step 2: Prepare wood for stain.

Before staining a fence, it's essential to clean the wood thoroughly. The most common and effective method is pressure washing, which removes dirt, debris, and any flaking old stain. It also opens up the wood’s pores, allowing the stain to penetrate more deeply for a longer-lasting finish.

Once the wood has dried after pressure washing, we recommend brushing the surface with a stiff-bristled brush to remove any remaining loose debris. It's important to allow the wood to dry for at least 48 hours before applying stain to ensure optimal absorption and adhesion.

Step 3: Mask sensitive areas near fence for staining.

Properly preparing the surrounding areas is one of the most important steps in the staining process. Overlooking this step can lead to unwanted overspray and a less professional finish.

One commonly missed detail is gate hardware. Overspray on hinges, latches, and other metal components can significantly detract from the overall appearance. To avoid this, gate hardware should either be carefully taped off or removed entirely before staining.

House siding near the fence is another area that requires attention. It should be thoroughly masked to prevent stain from reaching the surface, as stain on siding—or on nearby concrete—can be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to remove. Other items at risk include nearby vehicles, windows, outdoor furniture, and landscaping features. Taking the time to protect these areas will help ensure a clean, professional-looking result.

Step 4: Apply stain.

Most contractors apply stain using an airless sprayer. This method is significantly faster than using a roller or brush and provides a smooth, even finish. However, as mentioned in Step 3, it's important to be mindful of overspray when using an airless sprayer.

To ensure proper application, each coat of stain should be applied evenly and in the correct amount. Applying too much stain at once increases the risk of peeling or bubbling. When using an airless sprayer, it's recommended to back-brush the stain after spraying to ensure an even and consistent finish. Back brushing is done by using a good stain brush and evenly brushing the stain in the same direction as the grain of the wood.

Before beginning, it's essential to understand the specific requirements of your stain. Some stains require only one coat, while others may need two. If two coats are necessary, allow the first coat to dry thoroughly before applying the second. Always read the product specifications carefully before starting the staining process.

Oil Based vs. Water Based

The most common questions is about oil-base vs. water-base stains. This is a question that could get a variety of answers. Products greatly vary and will yield different results. I think a bigger questions should be the stain manufacturer. I use Sherwin-Williams products when possible.

One thing to understand is that water-based stains have come along way and are a great option. Due to harmful VOCs contained by oil-based stains, there has been an emphasis on production of quality water-based stains. A high quality stain will penetrate effectively and offer protection from UV organics like mold and mildew. I tend to use water-based stains for vertical surfaces like fences and oil-based for horizontal surfaces like decks.

Below are some pictures I have taken using Sherwin-Williams Woodscapes stain.